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↑ 1,0 1,1 https://www.lexpera.com.tr/resmi-gazete/metin/gun-isigindan-daha-fazla-yararlanmak-amaciyla-butun-yurtta-uygulanan-ileri-saat-uygulamasinin-devam-3
↑ "Welcome to Turkish Statistical Institute(TurkStat)'s Web Pages" . www.turkstat.gov.tr . (тур.) (анг.)
↑ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab" . hdi.globaldatalab.org . (анг.)
↑ Adrian Room (2003). Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 5000 Natural Features, Countries, Capitals, Territories, Cities and Historic Sights . McFarland. ISBN 9780786418145 . (анг.)
↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 https://www.iznik.bel.tr/sayfa/kardes-sehirler.html